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WATER PROPERTIES

pictures and notes are based and from YouTube Water has 7 Different Properties Why? Because it is POLAR (confused? Check out POLARITY AND HYDROPHILIC VS HYDROPHOBIC) Cohesion: water molecules stick to each other Why? hydrogen bonds (strong polar interactions between water molecules) Adhesion: water sticks to OTHER polar substances Why? polar interacts with polar Surface Tension: water's invisible thick skin Why? Nothing is above surface water molecules (only air) > surface wa

A polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule. The nonpolar molecule in the middle interacts with the polar molecule on the right but not the polar molecule on the left.

POLARITY AND HYDROPHILIC VS HYDROPHOBIC

pictures and notes are based and from YouTube Atoms VS Molecules Atoms: any element on the periodic table (Ex: oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus) Molecules: made of multiple atoms Atoms can be the same (water) or different (nitrogen gas) Polar Molecules: molecules with an uneven electron distribution > positive + negative charges Electronegativity (ONE reason why molecules are polar): measures how strongly an atom attracts electrons High Electronegativity: attracts electrons very

TERMS OF LATERALITY

Help determine the position of structures by the left and right side of the body Ipsilateral + Contralateral: used when comparing DIFFERENT structures Ipsilateral: different structures that exists on the same side of the body example: the right hand is ipsilateral to the right thigh Contralateral: different structures that exists on opposite sides of the body example: the left arm is contralateral to the right foot Unilateral + Bilateral: used when describing ONE structure Un

A plant with the leaves and the roots showing. The roots are in dirt.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

pictures and notes are based and from YouTube Redox Reactions: transfer of electrons between substances (LeO GeR) Reduction Reaction: a substance gains electrons Oxidation Reaction: a substance loses electrons Light Dependent Reaction: 1st stage of Photosynthesis Where: Thylakoid membrane in the Chloroplast Thylakoid (highlighted) in the Chloroplast. Structures: Photosystems (1&2): have pigments (chlorophyll) which capture light > excite/energize electrons Oxygen Evolving Co

THE CALVIN CYCLE

pictures and notes are based and from YouTube Redox Reactions (RECALL FROM THE LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS): transfer of electrons between substances (LeO GeR) Reduction Reaction: a substance gains electrons Oxidation Reaction: a substance loses electrons Calvin Cycle: 2nd stage of Photosynthesis Where: Stroma in the Chloroplast Stroma (highlighted) in the Chloroplast Reactants: 6 NADPH + 9 ATP (from the Light Dependent Reactions), 3 CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide) Note: Each full tur